Japan is a country blessed with the beauty of all four seasons, and spring, with its milder weather, is especially vibrant with signs of life. Here, we introduce some of the iconic symbols of spring in Japan.
Symbols of Japanese Spring: Nature
1. Haru-ichiban
This term refers to the first strong southern wind of spring. Originally used among certain fishing communities, it has since become a common phrase. Subsequent strong southern winds after "Haru-ichiban" are sometimes called "Haru-niban" and "Haru-sanban."
2. Spring's Long Rains & Rapeseed Rain（Haru no Nagame & Natane-tsuyu）
From late March to April, regions west of Kanto often experience a period of unsettled weather. This phenomenon, resembling the rainy season, is called "Haru no Nagame" (spring's long rain). Since it coincides with the blooming of rapeseed flowers, it is also referred to as "Natane-tsuyu" (rapeseed rain).
3. Uguisu (Japanese Bush Warbler)
Known as "Haru-tsugedori" (spring herald bird), this bird has long been beloved in Japan. As spring arrives, its melodious "hoohokekyo" song resonates throughout the country. Interestingly, in Japan, female announcers at baseball stadiums or on campaign vehicles are nicknamed "Uguisu-jo" (bush warbler ladies) for their pleasant voices.
4. Swallow
A migratory bird that arrives in Japan with the spring, the swallow is a quintessential part of Japan's traditional landscape. After spending the winter in warm Southeast Asia, they return to Japan between March and October to raise their young. Swallows often build their nests under eaves where people are nearby, as a way to avoid predators, making them a symbol of good fortune. There's even a saying, "When swallows fly low, it will rain."
5. Dragon Eye
Between late May and early June, you might be lucky enough to witness the "Hachimantai Dragon Eye." This natural phenomenon occurs at Kagami-numa, a crater lake near the summit of Mt. Hachimantai, which straddles Iwate and Akita prefectures. The emerald-green waters form a donut shape as the snow melts, resembling a dragon’s eye.
6. Yellow Sand
In spring, cars and buildings in Japan are sometimes covered with yellow dust. This sand originates from deserts in China and Mongolia, carried to Japan by westerly winds. It's said to be a result of desertification caused by land development.
7. Fresh Greenery
Marunouchi Nakadori: ©TCVB
This term refers to the lush, vibrant green of new leaves or the trees covered in them. It can be seen from April to May, when deciduous trees that shed their leaves during winter begin to sprout under the warm spring sunlight.
Symbols of Japanese Spring: Flowers
8. Cherry Blossoms
Cherry blossoms along the Sumida River: ©TCVB
Cherry blossoms are the flower that most represents the arrival of spring for Japanese people. Japan is home to many native species, but the most familiar variety is the Somei Yoshino. Its pale pink flowers bloom all at once, and the way they gracefully fall embodies the samurai spirit, symbolizing Japanese culture.
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9. Shibazakura (Moss Phlox)
From April to May, moss phlox spreads across the ground like a lush carpet, blooming with five-petaled flowers reminiscent of cherry blossoms. Its Japanese name, "shibazakura," reflects the nation's deep love for sakura. Popular destinations where these flowers are planted in abundance include Shibazakura Hill at Hitsujiyama Park in Chichibu, Saitama, and the Fuji Shibazakura Festival at the Fuji Motosuko Resort in Yamanashi.
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10. Tulips
Tulips, with their charming round shape, are also beloved in Japan. They were introduced during the late Edo period. Today, Japan's main production areas are Toyama and Niigata prefectures. Toyama, in particular, is the largest producer of tulip bulbs in the country. The Tonami Tulip Fair, held at Tonami Tulip Park from late April to early May, is a highlight of the season.
11. Peach Blossoms
Peach blossoms have been cultivated in Japan since the Yayoi period, initially as ornamental flowers. Peaches were believed to have protective powers against evil, and they appear in ancient texts like "Kojiki" and "Nihon Shoki." The famous Japanese folktale "Momotaro" features a boy born from a peach who teams up with a dog, pheasant, and monkey to defeat demons. Today, Fukushima and Yamanashi are known as Japan’s main peach-producing regions.
🌸 Hinamatsuri – Peach Festival celebrates the healthy growth of girls on March 3
12. Dandelions
Dandelions are a common plant found in fields and along roadsides throughout Japan. During the Edo period, they were called "Tsuzumigusa," with the name believed to come from the "tan" and "popo" sounds resembling the beat of the traditional Japanese drum, tsuzumi. While Japan is home to dozens of native species, most dandelions seen today are the introduced Western dandelion (Taraxacum officinale).
13. Azaleas
As spring transitions to early summer, azaleas bloom in vibrant shades of red, white, pink, and purple, brightening mountainsides and riverbanks. They are popular in garden hedges, park flower beds, and as roadside trees. Suited to Japan's climate, many horticultural varieties like "Hon-Kirishima" and "Shiro-Ryukyu" have been developed from wild species.
14. Wisteria
Provided by Gunma Tourism Photo Gallery: https://gunma-kanko.jp/
Wisteria has been cherished in Japan since ancient times for its cascading clusters of pale purple flowers. The plant is often associated with elegance and beauty, and even features in traditional Japanese dance performances like "Fuji Musume" (Wisteria Maiden), where a spirit of the wisteria flower dances. Wisteria blooms from mid-April to early May, and its climbing vines create stunning trellises at sites across Japan.
15. Iris (Shobu & Ayame)
Both Shobu and Ayame irises begin to bloom in early May. Because of their similar appearance, they were once thought to be the same plant and are still written with the same kanji, 菖蒲. May 5th, known as "Tango no Sekku" (Boys’ Day), is also called "Shobu no Sekku" (Iris Festival), where people traditionally bathe in iris-infused water to pray for good health. Famous spots include the Maekawa Iris Garden in Itako, Ibaraki Prefecture.
16. Nemophila
Nemophila starts blooming with its delicate blue flowers in late March, reaching its peak from early April to late June. Japan boasts several breathtaking nemophila fields, with the most iconic being at Hitachi Seaside Park in Ibaraki Prefecture. Home to around 5.3 million nemophila plants, this stunning sight has captivated audiences worldwide through social media.
Symbols of Japanese Spring: Festivals and Events
17. Hinamatsuri (Doll Festival)
March 3rd marks "Hinamatsuri," also known as "Peach Festival" because it coincides with the blooming of peach blossoms. This annual event celebrates the health and happiness of young girls. Families with daughters display hina dolls depicting an imperial court, along with tri-colored hishi mochi (red, white, and green layered rice cakes). Traditional foods like chirashi sushi and hina-arare are also enjoyed.
From late February, Hinamatsuri events are held across Japan. One notable example is the "Konosu Surprising Hinamatsuri" in Saitama Prefecture, which features the tallest hina doll display in Japan.
🌸 Hinamatsuri – Peach Festival celebrates the healthy growth of girls on March 3
18. White Day
Unique to Japan, White Day is the counterpart to Valentine’s Day. On March 14th, men give return gifts to women in appreciation of the chocolates and confessions of love they received on Valentine’s Day.
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19. Cherry Blossom Festival
©TCVB: Chidorigabuchi Cherry Blossoms
Cherry blossom viewing (hanami) is often celebrated as a festival at parks and other locations with abundant sakura trees. One of the most famous events is the "Hirosaki Sakura Festival" at Hirosaki Park in Aomori, one of Japan's top three cherry blossom spots. This festival attracts around two million visitors from Japan and abroad.
20. Hana Matsuri (Buddha’s Birthday Festival)
Hana Matsuri, or "Kanbutsu-e," commemorates the birth of Buddha. This festival is observed around April 8th at temples nationwide, regardless of sect. It recreates the legend of sweet rain falling when Buddha was born, where participants pour sweet tea over a statue of Buddha placed in a flower-adorned altar.
21. Sanja Festival
Held at Asakusa Shrine in Tokyo, Sanja Matsuri is one of the three great festivals of Edo (old Tokyo). Its name originates from the shrine's former names, "Sanja Gongen-sha" and "Sanja Myojin-sha." Taking place in mid-May, highlights include the Binzasaranomai dance, designated as a Tokyo Intangible Cultural Property, and the "mikoshi togyo" parade, where portable shrines are carried through Asakusa's streets.
22. Aoi Festival
One of Kyoto's three major festivals, Aoi Matsuri is held annually in May at Kamigamo Shrine and Shimogamo Shrine. Dating back around 1,500 years, it began as a ritual praying for abundant harvests. The event features a grand procession of people dressed in Heian-era costumes parading through Kyoto's streets.
23. Hakata Dontaku
Hakata Dontaku, officially known as "Fukuoka Citizens’ Festival Hakata Dontaku Port Festival," is one of Hakata's three major festivals. Held annually on May 3rd and 4th, it features participants of all ages in creative costumes, parading through the city while clapping wooden rice paddles (shamoji). The festivities include performances on special stages and open squares, drawing around 33,000 participants and two million spectators each year.
Symbols of Japanese Spring: Festivals and Events
24. Hanami (Cherry Blossom Viewing)
The cherry blossom, or "sakura," is deeply cherished by the Japanese people. "Hanami" refers to the act of relaxing under blooming cherry blossoms, enjoying the beauty of the season. It’s a unique cultural activity where family and friends gather under the cherry trees to drink, eat, and chat. Ueno Park in Tokyo is well-known as a popular spot for hanami.
25. Graduation Ceremonies
In Japan, the academic year ends in March, and schools hold graduation ceremonies to celebrate students completing their courses. These ceremonies are emotional events where students sing farewell songs, reminisce about their time with friends and teachers, and create lasting memories.
26. Entrance and Induction Ceremonies
Following the March graduation season, a new academic and business year begins in April. Schools host "entrance ceremonies" to welcome new students, while companies hold "induction ceremonies" to greet their new employees.
27. April Fool’s Day
"April Fool’s Day" was introduced to Japan during the Taisho era. It was described in newspapers as a day in Western cultures when lying was temporarily acceptable. The Japanese term "Shigatsu Baka" is a direct translation meaning "April Fool." Interestingly, in the Edo period, April 1st was known as "Ungrateful Day," a time to apologize for neglecting relationships.
28. Rice Planting
Rice planting involves transferring seedlings to water-filled paddies. In Japan, it’s common to germinate seeds first, grow them into seedlings, and then transplant them. The timing varies by region but generally occurs from late April to late June. In places like Niigata Prefecture, known for its rice production, this season creates stunning rural landscapes.
29. Koinobori (Carp Streamers)
Koinobori are decorations to celebrate the growth and success of boys. On May 5th, "Children’s Day," families display carp-shaped windsocks in their gardens. This tradition began in samurai households during the Edo period and later spread among commoners. In Kazo City, Saitama Prefecture, the annual flying of jumbo koinobori is a highlight of the season.
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30. Hay Fever
Hay fever refers to allergic reactions caused by pollen. In spring, cedar pollen is the main culprit in Japan, causing symptoms like sneezing, runny nose, nasal congestion, and itching in the eyes, ears, and throat. Cedar pollen allergy is unique to Japan, with an estimated 20% of the population affected.
31. Clam Digging
Clam digging involves collecting clams like asari in tidal flats. Spring is the best season, as low tide during the day coincides with the clams being plump and ready for spawning. Be sure to check the rules and designated areas before heading out.
32. May Blues
"May blues" refers to physical and mental fatigue experienced in May. In Japan, many people experience significant life changes in April, such as entering a new school, starting a job, or moving house. These stresses often accumulate, and after the "Golden Week" holiday in late April to early May, mild depression-like symptoms can appear.
Symbols of Japanese Spring: National Holidays and Memorial Days
33. Vernal Equinox Day
Vernal Equinox Day falls around March 21 each year, marking the day when daytime and nighttime are nearly equal in length. It is a national holiday dedicated to "honoring nature and cherishing all living things."
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34. Showa Day
April 29 is Showa Emperor’s birthday and is celebrated as "Showa Day," one of Japan’s national holidays. The Showa era was marked by significant challenges, including World War II and its tragedies. This day was established to encourage reflection on the difficult times the nation overcame during the Showa period and to consider the future of the country.
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35. Constitution Memorial Day
May 3 marks the day the Constitution of Japan came into effect. It was declared a national holiday in 1948 under the Public Holiday Law. The holiday’s purpose is to "commemorate the enactment of the Constitution of Japan and to reflect on the nation's growth."
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36. Greenery Day
Greenery Day is a holiday to appreciate nature and give thanks for its blessings. The name originates from Emperor Showa’s frequent participation in tree-planting ceremonies and his passion for reforestation projects to address environmental issues. While it was previously celebrated on April 29 (Emperor Showa’s birthday), the date was changed to May 4 in 2007.
🌸 Public holidays in Japan: May 4 is "Greenery Day"
37. Children's Day
May 5 is "Children’s Day," a day for parents to celebrate their children’s growth and for children to express gratitude to their parents. Before being designated a national holiday, it was known as "Tango no Sekku," a tradition since the Nara period, celebrated to honor the growth of boys.
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38. Golden Week
Golden Week refers to Japan’s extended holiday period from late April to early May. This period includes several consecutive holidays from April 29 to May 5, sometimes resulting in up to 10 days off depending on the year. Festivals and events are held across the country, and many Japanese people take advantage of this time to travel domestically or internationally. Airports, major train stations, and scenic spots become crowded with tourists.
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39. Mother's Day
The second Sunday of May is celebrated as "Mother’s Day" in Japan. It gradually gained popularity during the Taisho era, initially promoted by Christian churches and women’s organizations. It became widely recognized after nationwide events were organized by major confectionery companies. Around this time, florists display carnations as popular gifts for mothers.
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Symbols of Japanese Spring: Food and Cuisine
40. Bamboo Shoots
Bamboo shoots are the young sprouts that emerge from bamboo roots. They are tender and delicious only for a short period when they just start to peek out of the soil. Freshly harvested bamboo shoots can even be eaten raw, but they are usually boiled or grilled. They have a distinctive aroma and crunchy texture.
41. Spring Cabbage
Cabbage is grown year-round across Japan, taking advantage of the country’s north-south geographical stretch. "Spring cabbage," harvested from early spring to early summer, has loosely packed leaves that are tender and juicy. It is best enjoyed raw. Tsumagoi Village in Gunma Prefecture is a famous production area for this type of cabbage.
42. Fresh Onions
While onions are available year-round and known for their pungent spiciness, "fresh onions" harvested in spring are soft and sweet. Cooking enhances their sweetness, but they are particularly popular raw in Japan. Minimal preparation highlights the crisp and fresh flavor of these onions, which are often considered chic and sophisticated. Awaji Island in Hyogo Prefecture is a well-known production area.
43. Sakura Shrimp
Sakura shrimp are small, pink-colored shrimp that resemble cherry blossoms. Suruga Bay in Shizuoka Prefecture is the only place where sakura shrimp are caught in Japan.To protect the species, fishing is allowed only in spring (late March to early June) and autumn (late October to late December), making them a rare delicacy. Known for their sweetness and umami, they are eaten raw, boiled, or dried and often used to add color and flavor to dishes.
44. Skipjack Tuna
Skipjack tuna was considered a luxury item in ancient Japan and was offered as tribute to the imperial court. In Edo-period Tokyo, the season’s first catch of "hatsugatsuo" (early summer skipjack tuna) was highly prized, and eating it was seen as a status symbol. Today, it is enjoyed as sashimi, teriyaki, or processed into dried bonito flakes. Kochi Prefecture is a famous region for skipjack tuna.
45. Kashiwa Mochi
Kashiwa mochi is a traditional sweet made of steamed rice flour dough filled with sweet bean paste and wrapped in an oak leaf. It is primarily eaten on "Tango no Sekku" (Children’s Day) on May 5. In ancient times, oak leaves were used as tableware, and this tradition is believed to have influenced kashiwa mochi.
46. Shincha (First Tea of the Season)
Shincha refers to tea made from the first harvest of the year’s tea leaves. It is known for its rich yet refreshing taste. Available only during its peak season from April to May, it is considered the most flavorful tea of the year.
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47. Tsukushi (Field Horsetail)
Tsukushi refers to the spore-bearing stems of the horsetail plant, which sprout in sunny areas such as riverbanks in early spring. After removing the tough leaves known as "hakama," tsukushi can be boiled, sautéed, or fried as tempura to enjoy its unique taste.
Symbols of Japanese Spring: Fruits
48. Iyo Orange (Iyokan)
The Iyo orange is a type of citrus fruit named after Iyo, the old provincial name for Ehime Prefecture. Originally from Yamaguchi Prefecture, it became famous after cultivation spread to Ehime during the Meiji era. Known for its deep orange color, strong sweetness, and robust aroma, it is available from March to April.
49. Kiwi Fruit
Kiwi fruit was first introduced to Japan in 1963 when seeds were imported from New Zealand, followed by the import of the fruit itself the next year. Its sweet-tart flavor suited Japanese tastes, leading to widespread domestic cultivation. Today, many regions in Japan produce original varieties with enhanced sweetness.
50. Mango
Mangoes were first brought to Japan during the Meiji era, but large-scale cultivation began in the 1980s, particularly in Miyazaki and Okinawa. With the availability of domestically grown, fully ripened mangoes, this fruit has become a familiar delicacy in Japan. Loved for its distinctive fragrance and rich sweetness, mango is enjoyed fresh as well as in desserts like puddings, cakes, and smoothies.
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